Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1900, anthu akhala akuchita chidwi ndi kufufuza malo komanso kumvetsetsa zomwe zili kunja kwa Dziko Lapansi.Mabungwe akuluakulu monga NASA ndi ESA akhala patsogolo pakufufuza malo, ndipo wosewera wina wofunikira pakugonjetsa uku ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D.Ndi kuthekera kopanga mwachangu magawo ovuta pamitengo yotsika, ukadaulo wopanga uku ukuchulukirachulukira m'makampani.Zimapangitsa kupanga mapulogalamu ambiri kukhala kotheka, monga ma satellite, ma spacesuits, ndi zida za rocket.M'malo mwake, molingana ndi SmarTech, mtengo wamsika wamakampani opangira zida zapadera akuyembekezeka kufika 2.1 biliyoni pofika 2026. Izi zimadzutsa funso: Kodi kusindikiza kwa 3D kungathandize bwanji anthu kuchita bwino mumlengalenga?
Poyambirira, kusindikiza kwa 3D kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pojambula mwachangu m'mafakitale azachipatala, zamagalimoto, ndi zakuthambo.Komabe, popeza teknoloji yakula kwambiri, ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zomaliza.Ukadaulo wopangira zitsulo, makamaka L-PBF, walola kupanga zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi mawonekedwe komanso kulimba koyenera mlengalenga.Umisiri wina wosindikiza wa 3D, monga DED, jetting binder, ndi extrusion process, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida zamlengalenga.M'zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu yatsopano yamabizinesi yatuluka, ndi makampani monga Made in Space ndi Relativity Space akugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D kupanga zida zamlengalenga.
Relativity Space ikupanga chosindikizira cha 3D chamakampani azamlengalenga
Ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D muzamlengalenga
Tsopano popeza taziyambitsa, tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane njira zosiyanasiyana zamakina osindikizira a 3D omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zamlengalenga.Choyamba, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti kupanga zitsulo zowonjezera, makamaka L-PBF, ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamundawu.Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya laser kuphatikizira ufa wachitsulo wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza.Ndizoyenera makamaka kupanga zing'onozing'ono, zovuta, zolondola, komanso zosinthidwa makonda.Opanga zakuthambo angapindulenso ndi DED, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyika waya wachitsulo kapena ufa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kukonzanso, kupaka, kapena kupanga zitsulo kapena zitsulo za ceramic.
Mosiyana ndi izi, jetting binder, ngakhale kuti ndi yopindulitsa pa liwiro la kupanga ndi mtengo wotsika, siwoyenera kupanga zigawo zamakina apamwamba kwambiri chifukwa zimafuna njira zolimbikitsira pambuyo pokonza zomwe zimawonjezera nthawi yopangira mankhwala omaliza.Ukadaulo wa Extrusion umagwiranso ntchito pamlengalenga.Tiyenera kudziwa kuti si ma polima onse omwe ali oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga, koma mapulasitiki apamwamba kwambiri monga PEEK amatha kusintha zitsulo zina chifukwa cha mphamvu zake.Komabe, njira yosindikizira ya 3Dyi sinafalikirebe, koma ikhoza kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri pofufuza malo pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) ndiukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakusindikiza kwa 3D kwazamlengalenga.
Kuthekera kwa Zida Zam'mlengalenga
Makampani opanga zakuthambo akhala akuyang'ana zida zatsopano kudzera mu kusindikiza kwa 3D, ndikupangira njira zina zatsopano zomwe zingasokoneze msika.Ngakhale zitsulo monga titaniyamu, aluminiyamu, ndi ma aloyi a nickel-chromium akhala akuyang'ana kwambiri, zinthu zatsopano posachedwapa zitha kuba zowunikira: lunar regolith.Lunar regolith ndi fumbi lomwe limaphimba mwezi, ndipo ESA yawonetsa ubwino wophatikiza ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D.Advenit Makaya, yemwe ndi katswiri wopanga zinthu ku ESA, akufotokoza kuti mwezi wa regolith ndi wofanana ndi konkire, womwe umapangidwa ndi silicon ndi zinthu zina monga iron, magnesium, aluminium, ndi oxygen.ESA idagwirizana ndi Lithoz kuti ipange tizigawo tating'ono tating'ono monga zomangira ndi magiya pogwiritsa ntchito zoyeserera za mwezi zomwe zimakhala ndi zofanana ndi fumbi lenileni la mwezi.
Njira zambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa popanga mwezi wa regolith zimagwiritsa ntchito kutentha, kuzipangitsa kuti zigwirizane ndi matekinoloje monga SLS ndi mayankho osindikizira a ufa.ESA ikugwiritsanso ntchito ukadaulo wa D-Shape ndi cholinga chopanga magawo olimba posakaniza magnesium chloride ndi zinthu ndikuphatikiza ndi magnesium oxide yomwe imapezeka mu chitsanzo choyerekeza.Ubwino wina waukulu wa mweziwu ndi mawonekedwe ake osindikizira bwino kwambiri, omwe amaupangitsa kuti upangitse mbali zake mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.Izi zitha kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu ndi zida zopangira zida zam'tsogolo zamwezi.
Lunar Regolith ali paliponse
Palinso Martian regolith, kutanthauza zinthu zapansi panthaka zomwe zimapezeka pa Mars.Pakali pano, mabungwe a zamlengalenga padziko lonse sangathe kubwezeretsanso zinthuzi, koma izi sizinalepheretse asayansi kufufuza zomwe zingatheke muzinthu zina zamlengalenga.Ofufuza akugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za zinthuzi ndipo akuziphatikiza ndi titaniyamu alloy kupanga zida kapena zida za roketi.Zotsatira zoyamba zikuwonetsa kuti nkhaniyi ipereka mphamvu zapamwamba ndikuteteza zida ku dzimbiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma radiation.Ngakhale zida ziwirizi zili ndi zinthu zofanana, mwezi wa regolith ukadali chinthu choyesedwa kwambiri.Ubwino wina ndikuti zidazi zitha kupangidwa pamalopo popanda kufunikira kunyamula zida kuchokera ku Earth.Kuphatikiza apo, regolith ndi gwero lazinthu zosatha, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kusowa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosindikizira wa 3D mumakampani azamlengalenga
Kagwiritsidwe ntchito kaukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D pamakampani azamlengalenga amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Mwachitsanzo, laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida zanthawi yayitali, monga zida kapena zida zosinthira malo.Launcher, woyambira ku California, adagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosindikiza wa Velo3D wa safiro-metal 3D kukulitsa injini yake ya rocket ya E-2.Njira ya wopanga idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga turbine induction, yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakufulumizitsa ndikuyendetsa LOX (oksijeni wamadzi) kulowa muchipinda choyaka.Makina opangira magetsi ndi sensa adasindikizidwa chilichonse pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D ndikusonkhanitsidwa.Chigawo chatsopanochi chimapangitsa kuti roketi ikhale ndi madzi ochulukirapo komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunikira la injini.
Velo3D idathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PBF popanga injini ya roketi yamadzi ya E-2.
Kupanga zowonjezera kumakhala ndi ntchito zambiri, kuphatikizapo kupanga zing'onozing'ono ndi zazikulu.Mwachitsanzo, matekinoloje osindikizira a 3D monga Relativity Space's Stargate solution angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zigawo zazikulu monga matanki amafuta a rocket ndi ma propeller blades.Relativity Space yatsimikizira izi kudzera mukupanga bwino kwa Terran 1, roketi yosindikizidwa pafupifupi 3D, kuphatikiza tanki lamafuta lalitali mamita angapo.Kukhazikitsidwa kwake koyamba pa Marichi 23, 2023, kudawonetsa kuthekera komanso kudalirika kwa njira zopangira zowonjezera.
Ukadaulo wosindikizira wa 3D wopangidwa ndi Extrusion umalolanso kupanga magawo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba monga PEEK.Zida zopangidwa ndi thermoplastic iyi zidayesedwa kale mumlengalenga ndipo zidayikidwa pa Rashid rover ngati gawo la ntchito ya mwezi wa UAE.Cholinga cha mayesowa chinali kuyesa kukana kwa PEEK kumayendedwe owopsa a mwezi.Ngati zikuyenda bwino, PEEK imatha kusintha zitsulo pamalo pomwe zida zachitsulo zimasweka kapena zida zikusoweka.Kuphatikiza apo, zopepuka za PEEK zitha kukhala zamtengo wapatali pakufufuza kwamlengalenga.
Ukadaulo wosindikizira wa 3D ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga magawo osiyanasiyana amakampani azamlengalenga.
Ubwino wa kusindikiza kwa 3D mumakampani azamlengalenga
Ubwino wa kusindikiza kwa 3D pamakampani opanga zakuthambo kumaphatikizanso mawonekedwe omaliza a magawo poyerekeza ndi njira zamamangidwe zachikhalidwe.Johannes Homa, Mkulu wa kampani yopanga makina osindikizira a 3D ku Austrian Lithoz, adanena kuti "ukadaulo uwu umapangitsa magawo kukhala opepuka."Chifukwa cha ufulu wopanga, zinthu zosindikizidwa za 3D zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri ndipo zimafuna zinthu zochepa.Izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe popanga gawo.Relativity Space yawonetsa kuti kupanga zowonjezera kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika kupanga mlengalenga.Pa roketi ya Terran 1, magawo 100 adapulumutsidwa.Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo uwu uli ndi zabwino zambiri pakuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono, pomwe roketi imamalizidwa m'masiku osakwana 60.Mosiyana ndi izi, kupanga roketi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe kumatha kutenga zaka zingapo.
Ponena za kasamalidwe kazinthu, kusindikiza kwa 3D kumatha kusunga zida, nthawi zina, ngakhale kulola kukonzanso zinyalala.Pomaliza, kupanga zowonjezera kumatha kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chochepetsera kulemera kwa roketi.Cholinga chake ndikukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu zakumaloko, monga regolith, ndikuchepetsa kunyamula zinthu mkati mwa mlengalenga.Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kotheka kunyamula chosindikizira cha 3D chokha, chomwe chimatha kupanga chilichonse chomwe chili patsamba pambuyo paulendo.
Made in Space yatumiza kale makina awo osindikizira a 3D kumlengalenga kuti akayesedwe.
Zolepheretsa kusindikiza kwa 3D mumlengalenga
Ngakhale kusindikiza kwa 3D kuli ndi ubwino wambiri, teknolojiyi ndi yatsopano komanso imakhala ndi malire.Advenit Makaya adati, "Limodzi mwavuto lalikulu pakupanga zowonjezera muzamlengalenga ndikuwongolera njira ndikutsimikizira."Opanga amatha kulowa mu labu ndikuyesa mphamvu ya gawo lililonse, kudalirika, ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono asanatsimikizidwe, njira yomwe imadziwika kuti kuyesa kosawononga (NDT).Komabe, izi zitha kukhala zowononga nthawi komanso zokwera mtengo, kotero cholinga chachikulu ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa mayesowa.NASA posachedwapa yakhazikitsa likulu kuti lithetse vutoli, likuyang'ana pa chitsimikiziro chofulumira cha zigawo zazitsulo zopangidwa ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera.Malowa akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mapasa a digito kuti apititse patsogolo mitundu ya zinthu zamakompyuta, zomwe zingathandize akatswiri kumvetsetsa bwino magwiridwe antchito ndi malire a magawo, kuphatikiza kupsinjika komwe angapirire asanasweka.Pochita izi, malowa akuyembekeza kuthandizira kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a 3D m'makampani oyendetsa ndege, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima popikisana ndi njira zopangira miyambo.
Zigawozi zakhala zodalirika komanso kuyesa mphamvu.
Kumbali ina, njira yotsimikizira ndi yosiyana ngati kupanga kumachitika mumlengalenga.Advenit Makaya wa ESA akufotokoza kuti, "Pali njira yomwe imaphatikizapo kusanthula zigawo panthawi yosindikiza."Njirayi imathandiza kudziwa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zosindikizidwa zomwe zili zoyenera komanso zosayenera.Kuphatikiza apo, pali makina odziwongolera okha a osindikiza a 3D omwe amapangidwira malo ndipo akuyesedwa pamakina achitsulo.Dongosololi limatha kuzindikira zolakwika zomwe zingachitike pakupanga ndikusintha magawo ake kuti akonze zolakwika zilizonse mu gawolo.Machitidwe awiriwa akuyembekezeka kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika kwa zinthu zosindikizidwa mumlengalenga.
Kuti atsimikizire mayankho osindikizira a 3D, NASA ndi ESA akhazikitsa miyezo.Miyezo iyi imaphatikizapo mayeso angapo kuti adziwe kudalirika kwa magawo.Amawona ukadaulo wophatikizira bedi la ufa ndipo akuwongolera njira zina.Komabe, osewera akulu ambiri pamakampani opanga zida, monga Arkema, BASF, Dupont, ndi Sabic, nawonso amapereka izi.
Kukhala mumlengalenga?
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D, tawona ntchito zambiri zopambana padziko lapansi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu pomanga nyumba.Izi zimatipangitsa kudabwa ngati njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito posachedwa kapena m'tsogolomu pomanga nyumba zokhalamo anthu mumlengalenga.Ngakhale kukhala mumlengalenga sikungatheke, kumanga nyumba, makamaka pamwezi, kungakhale kopindulitsa kwa oyenda mumlengalenga pogwira ntchito zakuthambo.Cholinga cha European Space Agency (ESA) ndikumanga nyumba pamwezi pogwiritsa ntchito lunar regolith, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga makoma kapena njerwa kuti ateteze opita kumlengalenga ku radiation.Malinga ndi Advenit Makaya wochokera ku ESA, mwezi wa regolith uli ndi pafupifupi 60% yachitsulo ndi 40% ya okosijeni ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti apulumuke apulumuke chifukwa angapereke gwero losatha la okosijeni ngati atachotsedwa m'zinthuzi.
NASA yapereka ndalama zokwana madola 57.2 miliyoni ku ICON popanga makina osindikizira a 3D omangira nyumba pamtunda wa mwezi komanso ikugwirizana ndi kampaniyo kuti ipange malo okhala ku Mars Dune Alpha.Cholinga chake ndi kuyesa mikhalidwe ya moyo ku Mars mwa kukhala ndi anthu odzipereka kukhala kumalo okhalamo kwa chaka chimodzi, kuyerekezera mikhalidwe ya Red Planet.Izi zikuyimira njira zofunika kwambiri pomanga mwachindunji zida zosindikizidwa za 3D pa mwezi ndi Mars, zomwe pamapeto pake zitha kutsegulira njira kuti anthu azikhala m'malo.
M'tsogolomu, nyumbazi zingathandize kuti zamoyo zikhalepo mumlengalenga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-14-2023